Safe Tools

Pro chmod Visual Calculator

Visual calculation of permissions, reverse parsing, and generation of practical commands for professional engineers.

📖View chmod Command Cheat Sheet & Permission Specs

Permission Basics

In Linux/Unix filesystems, permissions are set for three classes: User, Group, and Other.

  • 4 (Read): View files, list directory contents
  • 2 (Write): Edit files, create/delete files in directories
  • 1 (Execute): Execute files, change directories (cd)

Common Permissions (Octal)

  • 755 (rwxr-xr-x): Standard for directories. Full control for owner, read/execute for others. Used often for web servers.
  • 644 (rw-r--r--): Standard for files. Editable by owner, read-only for others. E.g., HTML, configs.
  • 600 (rw-------): Read/write for owner only. Essential for sensitive files like SSH private keys (id_rsa).
  • 777 (rwxrwxrwx): Full control for everyone. High security risk; not recommended except for temporary testing.

Special Permissions (4th Digit)

  • SUID (4): Set on executables. Runs with the privileges of the file owner (e.g., /usr/bin/passwd).
  • SGID (2): Set on directories. Files created within inherit the group of the parent directory.
  • Sticky Bit (1): Set on directories. Restricts file deletion to the file owner even if the directory is writable by all (e.g., /tmp).

Permission Settings

4-digit (Special)

Paste an octal value or ls -l output to automatically parse.


Owner (User)

Group (Group)

Other (Other)

Octal
755
Symbolic
-rwxr-xr-x

Practical Command Snippets

Standard Change
chmod 755 <file/dir>
Batch Change Directories Only
find . -type d -exec chmod 755 {} +
Batch Change Files Only (Exclude Execute)
find . -type f -exec chmod 644 {} +

About Security

All transformations in this tool run locally in your browser. Inputs are never sent to external servers. Use it with peace of mind.